Solar pond
Renewable sources of energy
Solar ponds combine solar, energy storage and thermal energy storage due to their chemical composition, and multi-layered character. The massive capacity of the solar joints, in order to save, and may be useful for the production of energy, ETC., software architect, and the RO desalination systems, or for the continuous operation of SOCIAL MED or MSF desalination system (Bundschuh and Hoinkis, 2012), in a non-sunny hours of the day and at night. A solar pond is a thermal desalination system, it can be made with the help of concentrate from desalination plants and use the energy received from the power plant. The sun and the pond capacity has been studied by Farahbod et al. (2013), and as the site of a zero-discharge of the liquid desalination system (ZLD) production of drinking water, and the concentrated wastes from the desalination system of facilities for the treatment. The mathematical model has been developed by Garmana, and ?????????? (2008), in order to analyze the elements which are related to the size of the solar pond to serve as a tolerable heat load is sufficient for the operation of the desalination plant for the entire duration of the operation. We have found that there is a direct relationship between the heat required for the desalination plant, and the surface of the joint.
It's a book of how the heat is being stored. In the case of a permeable soil, such effects can be severe, and care needs to be taken up in the inner lining of the bottom and up the sides. One-liner membrane butinol, nylex the vinyl disc, such as ethylene propylene diene monomer, or any other suitable synthetic materials may be used. An alternative is to have a liner, it is the treatment of the soil in such a way as to make it impervious to the hot brine. For example, one of the ship's cargo may be covered with a dense layer of the earth.
The insulation of the floor and the walls of the tank and can be used to reduce the loss of heat; it can speed up the warming up of the joint, but at an excessive cost. The shape of the joint, it is also a very important factor as well. The curvature of the surface has a minimal contour of a total area, keep a minimum of heat loss to the ground, and, therefore, is thermally the most efficient. Of rectangular form, are not to profit, but they are generally less costly to build. The side panels are very effective in reducing the loss of heat. Careless of the walls, it is also desirable from the point of view of the structural stability of the banks, and the edge, with a 45°inclination is used.
3.2 Gradient sensing and control
For the purpose of determining the initial rate of the salt and the density is in the solar ponds, three methods can be used as a natural spreading, stacking and re-deploy. The first method is based on the natural spread between a layer of fresh water, and a layer of a saturated solution. The pond is half-filled with each layer, and the surface water and sediment concentrations are maintained at a constant level. The design process includes the filling of the lake with layers of progressively evolving levels. The distribution method is the most appropriate and suitable for the large area of the sun in a pond. In practice, the distribution method consists of filling the pond with a brine solution is close to the saturation concentration (Sc), half of the total depth (L). then, the fresh water that is introduced into the pond, through a lattice, that is, in the first instance, be placed on the bottom of the brine. The water will mix evenly diluted brine together on the grill. The level of the total surface area is starting to climb, and the diffuser at the same time, is constantly on the rise in the movement of, or are in discrete increments of not more than 5 cm in size. In the time of the movement of the grid is adjusted to the schedule, as well as, the brine surface coverage of the final stage in a single line. As a result, the salt layers of progressively diluted in the vicinity of the reservoir and the set as a constant (Sc/L), the density gradient, is positive down.
The mathematical expression for the velocity of the motion of the grating is obtained by us as follows: (xs (t) and xd(t), which represent the heights of the joint surface of the diffuser relative to the bottom surface of the tank at any time t, then, in accordance with the proportionality criteria, we have
(1)it=b1xst+b2),
where b1 and b2 are the constants:
(2)Att=0,it=0andxst=1/2
(3)Att=tf xdtandxst=1.
Equation (1), in combination with the built-in equalizer. (2) and (3)
it=2xst−1
or
(4)in x and y.d(t)=2x.s(t).
From equation (4), it follows that the velocity of the membrane is two times larger than the surface of its speed.
A solar pond can be seen as a horizontal layer of an incompressible fluid, the depth l of infinite horizontal dimensions of the y-z plane), the x-axis increases along the vertical direction, and is positive at the bottom. It is a gradient of temperature and salinity, which is consistent with the cold water, with the top and the hot salt is on the bottom. Due to the slope of the heat and salt, spread it happens all the time. That is why the sun and the pond can be seen as a thermohaline two diffusion-fluid system, and the physical behavior can be described by the following equations of hydrodynamics and salt distribution:
1.
The conservation of mass (the continuity of the equation:
∂?∂t+∇(pV)- →a)=0
or
DpDt+?∇V →=0
2.
Conservation of momentum (Navier-Strokes equation):
pDV →Dt=−∇p+F+µ∇2V+(?+μ3) (∇(V→ a)
In the book, such as the stored heat. In the case of a permeable soil, such effects can be severe, and care needs to be taken up in the inner lining of the bottom and up the sides. One-liner membrane butinol, nylex the vinyl disc, such as ethylene propylene diene monomer, or any other suitable synthetic materials may be used. An alternative is to have a liner, it is the treatment of the soil in such a way as to make it impervious to the hot brine. For example, one of the ship's cargo may be covered with a dense layer of the earth.
The insulation of the floor and the walls of the tank and can be used to reduce the loss of heat; it can speed up the warming up of the joint, but at an excessive cost. The shape of the joint, it is also a very important factor as well. The curvature of the surface has a minimal contour of a total area, keep a minimum of heat loss to the ground, and, therefore, is thermally the most efficient. Of rectangular form, are not to profit, but they are generally less costly to build. The side panels are very effective in reducing the loss of heat. Careless of the walls, it is also desirable from the point of view of the structural stability of the banks, and the edge, with a 45°inclination is used.
3.2 Gradient sensing and control
For the purpose of determining the initial rate of the salt and the density is in the solar ponds, three methods can be used as a natural spreading, stacking and re-deploy. The first method is based on the natural spread between a layer of fresh water, and a layer of a saturated solution. The pond is half-filled with each layer, and the surface water and sediment concentrations are maintained at a constant level. The design process includes the filling of the lake with layers of progressively evolving levels. The distribution method is the most appropriate and suitable for the large area of the sun in a pond. In practice, the distribution method consists of filling the pond with a brine solution is close to the saturation concentration (Sc), half of the total depth (L). then, the fresh water that is introduced into the pond, through a lattice, that is, in the first instance, be placed on the bottom of the brine. The water will mix evenly diluted brine together on the grill. The level of the total surface area is starting to climb, and the diffuser at the same time, is constantly on the rise in the movement of, or are in discrete increments of not more than 5 cm in size. In the time of the movement of the grid is adjusted to the schedule, as well as, the brine surface coverage of the final stage in a single line. As a result, the salt layers of progressively diluted in the vicinity of the reservoir and the set as a constant (Sc/L), the density gradient, is positive down.
The mathematical expression for the velocity of the motion of the grating is obtained by us as follows: (xs (t) and xd(t), which represent the heights of the joint surface of the diffuser relative to the bottom surface of the tank at any time t, then, in accordance with the proportionality criteria, we have
(1)it=b1xst+b2),
where b1 and b2 are the constants:
(2)Att=0, it=0; xst=1/2
(3)Att=tf xdtandxst=1.
Equation (1), in combination with the built-in equalizer. (2) and (3)
it=2xst−1
or
(4)in x and y.d(t)=2x.s(t).
From equation (4), it follows that the velocity of the membrane needs to be at twice the rate of the surface.
A solar pond can be considered to be in a horizontal layer of an incompressible fluid, the depth l of infinite horizontal dimensions of the y-z plane), the x-axis increases along the vertical direction, and is positive at the bottom. It is a gradient of temperature and salinity, which is consistent with the cold water in the top part of the hot brine in the bottom part of it. Due to the slope of the heat and salt, spread it happens all the time. That is why the sun and the pond can be seen as a thermohaline two diffusion-fluid system, and the physical behavior can be described by the following equations of hydrodynamics and salt distribution:
1.
The conservation of mass (the continuity of the equation:
∂?∂t+∇(pV)- →a)=0
or
DpDt+?∇V →=0
2.
Conservation of momentum (Navier-Strokes equation):
pDV →Dt=−∇p+F+µ∇2V+(?+μ3) (∇(V→ a)
3.
The storage of energy as heat conduction equation):
Be able to learn to∇2T+QT ok
4.
Salt and care:
DSDt=and∇2+QS,
where QT is the heat source.
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